我对Mockito和jUnit非常新,我尝试学习正确的TDD方式.我需要几个例子,以便我可以使用mockito来编写单元测试
以下是我的控制器类,它上传文件并对此文件输入执行一些操作.
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/registration")
public class RegistrationController {
@Autowired
private RegistrationService RegistrationService;
@Value("#{Properties['uploadfile.location']}")
private String uploadFileLocation;
public RegistrationController() {
}
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUploadForm(Model model) {
model.addAttribute(new Registration());
return "is/Registration";
}
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String create(Registration registration,BindingResult result,ModelMap model)
throws NumberFormatException,Exception {
File uploadedFile = uploadFile(registration);
List<Registration> userDetails = new ArrayList<Registration>();
processuploadedFile(uploadedFile,userDetails);
model.addAttribute("userDetails",userDetails);
return "registration";
}
private File uploadFile(Registration registration) {
Date dt = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MM_dd_yyyy_HH_mm_ss");
File uploadedFile = new File(uploadFileLocation
+ registration.getFileData().getoriginalFilename() + "."
+ format.format(dt));
registration.getFileData().transferTo(uploadedFile);
return uploadedFile;
}
private void processuploadedFile(File uploadedFile,List<Registration> userDetails)
throws NumberFormatException,Exception {
registrationService.processFile(uploadedFile,userDetails);
}
}
可以任何身体请建议一些例子我如何使用mockito来编写测试用例？
编辑
我已经写下了下面的测试类,但如何进一步
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/meta-inf/spring/applicationContext.xml"})
public class BulkRegistrationControllerTest {
@InjectMocks
private RegistrationService registrationService= new RegistrationServiceImpl();
@Mock
private final ModelMap model=new ModelMap();
@InjectMocks
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private static MockHttpServletRequest request;
private static MockHttpServletResponse response;
private static RegistrationController registrationController;
@BeforeClass
public static void init() {
request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
registrationController = new RegistrationController();
}
public void testCreate()
{
final String target = "bulkRegistration";
BulkRegistration bulkRegistration=new BulkRegistration();
final BindingResult result=new BindingResult();
String nextPage=null;
nextPage = bulkRegistrationController.create(bulkRegistration,result,model);
assertEquals("Controller is not requesting the correct form",nextPage,target);
}
}
解决方法
有几件事你似乎已经在你的测试中.有集成测试和单元测试.集成测试将测试所有连接的东西(或几乎所有的东西),所以你使用Spring配置文件非常接近真实的实例,并将实际的对象示例注入到被测试的类中.这大部分是我使用@ContextConfiguration,但我结合使用@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
如果您使用Mockito(或任何嘲笑框架),通常是因为您想要从其他类的实际实现中隔离正在测试的类.所以,例如,不必设法让你的RegistrationService抛出一个NumberFormatException来测试这个代码路径,你只需要告诉模拟注册服务.还有很多其他的例子,使用mocks比使用真实类实例更方便.
所以,这个迷你课完成了.这是我将如何重新编写你的测试类(附有一个额外的例子,并在评论的过程中).
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class RegistrationControllerTest {
// Create an instance of what you are going to test.
// When using the @InjectMocks annotation,you must create the instance in
// the constructor or in the field declaration.
@InjectMocks
private RegistrationController controllerUT = new RegistrationController();
// The @Mock annotation creates the mock instance of the class and
// automatically injects into the object annotated with @InjectMocks (if
// possible).
@Mock
private RegistrationService registrationService;
// This @Mock annotation simply creates a mock instance. There is Nowhere to
// inject it. Depending on the particular circumstance,it may be better or
// clearer to instantiate the mock explicitly in the test itself,but we're
// doing it here for illustration. Also,I don't kNow what your real class
// is like,but it may be more appropriate to just instantiate a real one
// than a mock one.
@Mock
private ModelMap model;
// Same as above
@Mock
private BulkRegistration bulkRegistration;
// Same as above
@Mock
private FileData fileData;
@Before
public void setUp() {
// We want to make sure that when we call getFileData(),it returns
// something non-null,so we return the mock of fileData.
when(bulkRegistration.getFileData()).thenReturn(fileData);
}
/**
* This test very narrowly tests the correct next page. That is why there is
* so little expectation setting on the mocks. If you want to test other
* things,such as behavior when you get an exception or having the expected
* filename,you would write other tests.
*/
@Test
public void testCreate() throws Exception {
final String target = "bulkRegistration";
// Here we create a default instance of BindingResult. You don't need to
// mock everything.
BindingResult result = new BindingResult();
String nextPage = null;
// Perform the action
nextPage = controllerUT.create(bulkRegistration,model);
// Assert the result. This test fails,but it's for the right reason -
// you expect "bulkRegistration",but you get "registration".
assertEquals("Controller is not requesting the correct form",target);
}
/**
* Here is a simple example to simulate an exception being thrown by one of
* the collaborators.
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test(expected = NumberFormatException.class)
public void testCreateWithNumberFormatException() throws Exception {
doThrow(new NumberFormatException()).when(registrationService)
.processFile(any(File.class),anyList());
BindingResult result = new BindingResult();
// Perform the action
controllerUT.create(bulkRegistration,model);
}
}