SpringBoot+SpringSecurity+JWT实现系统认证与授权示例

<!-- Spring Security的Spring boot starter,引入后将自动启动Spring Security的自动配置 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 下面的依赖包含了OAuth2 JWT认证实现 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWK;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWKSet;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.ImmutableJWKSet;
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.JWKSource;
import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.SecurityContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtDecoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtDecoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.access.BearerTokenAccessDeniedHandler;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;

/**
 * Spring Security 配置
 *
 * @author cloudgyb
 * @since 2022/7/30 18:31
 */
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@EnableMethodSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfigurer {
    //使用RSA对JWT做签名，所以这里需要一对秘钥。
    //秘钥文件的路径在application.yml文件中做了配置(具体配置在下面)。
    @Value("${jwt.public.key}")
    private RSAPublicKey key; 
    @Value("${jwt.private.key}")
    private RSAPrivateKey priv;

     /**
      * 构建SecurityFilterChain bean
      */
    @Bean
    SecurityFilterChain defaultSecurityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //"/login"是系统的登录接口，所以需要匿名可访问
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/login").anonymous();
        //其他请求都需认证后才能访问
        http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and()
                
                //采用JWT认证无需session保持，所以禁用掉session管理器
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()
                //login接口可能来自其他站点，所以对login不做csrf防护
                .csrf((csrf) -> csrf.ignoringAntMatchers("/login"))
                //配置认证方式为JWT，并且配置了一个JWT认证装换器，用于去掉解析权限时的SCOOP_前缀
                .oauth2ResourceServer().jwt().jwtAuthenticationConverter(
                        JwtAuthenticationConverter()
                );
        //配置认证失败或者无权限时的处理器
        http.exceptionHandling((exceptions) -> exceptions
                .authenticationEntryPoint(new BearerTokenAuthenticationEntryPoint())
                .accessDeniedHandler(new BearerTokenAccessDeniedHandler())
        );
         //根据配置生成SecurityFilterChain对象
        return http.build();
    }


    /**
     * JWT解码器，用于认证时的JWT解码 
     */
    @Bean
    JwtDecoder jwtDecoder() {
        return NimbusJwtDecoder.withPublicKey(this.key).build();
    }
    /**
     * JWT编码器，生成JWT
     */
    @Bean
    JwtEncoder jwtEncoder() {
        JWK jwk = new RSAKey.Builder(this.key).privateKey(this.priv).build();
        JWKSource<SecurityContext> jwks = new ImmutableJWKSet<>(new JWKSet(jwk));
        return new NimbusJwtEncoder(jwks);
    }
    
    /**
     * JWT认证解码时，去掉Spring Security对权限附带的默认前缀SCOOP_
     */
    @Bean
    JwtAuthenticationConverter JwtAuthenticationConverter() {
        final JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter = new JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter();
        jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter.setAuthorityPrefix("");
        final JwtAuthenticationConverter jwtAuthenticationConverter = new JwtAuthenticationConverter();
        jwtAuthenticationConverter.setJwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter(jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter);
        return jwtAuthenticationConverter;
    }
}

jwt:
  private.key: classpath:app.key
  public.key: classpath:app.pub

@Value("${jwt.public.key}")
 private RSAPublicKey key; 
@Value("${jwt.private.key}")
private RSAPrivateKey priv;

@RestController
public class SysLoginController {
    private final SysLoginService sysLoginService;

    public SysLoginController(SysLoginService sysLoginService) {
        this.sysLoginService = sysLoginService;
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public String login(@RequestBody LoginInfo loginInfo) {
        return sysLoginService.login(loginInfo);
    }
}

@Service
public class SysLoginService {
    private final JwtEncoder jwtEncoder;
    private final SpringSecurityUserDetailsService springSecurityUserDetailsService;

    public SysLoginService(JwtEncoder jwtEncoder, SpringSecurityUserDetailsService springSecurityUserDetailsService) {
        this.jwtEncoder = jwtEncoder;
        this.springSecurityUserDetailsService = springSecurityUserDetailsService;
    }

    public String login(LoginInfo loginInfo) {
        //从用户信息存储库中获取用户信息
        final UserDetails userDetails = springSecurityUserDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(loginInfo.getUsername());
        final String password = userDetails.getPassword();
        //匹配密码，匹配成功生成JWT令牌
        if (password.equals(loginInfo.getPassword())) {
            return generateToken(userDetails);
        }
        //密码不匹配，抛出异常，Spring Security发现抛出该异常后会将http响应状态码设置为401 unauthorized
        throw new BadCredentialsException("密码错误！");
    }

    private String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        Instant now = Instant.now();
        //JWT过期时间为36000秒，也就是600分钟，10小时
        long expiry = 36000L;
        String scope = userDetails.getAuthorities().stream()
                .map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)
                .collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
         //将用户权限信息使用空格分割拼为字符串，放到JWT的payload的scope字段中，注意不要改变scope这个属性，这是Spring Security OAuth2 JWT默认处理方式，在JWT解码时需要读取该字段，转为用户的权限信息！
        JwtClaimsSet claims = JwtClaimsSet.builder()
                .issuer("self")
                .issuedAt(now)
                .expiresAt(now.plusSeconds(expiry))
                .subject(userDetails.getUsername())
                .claim("scope", scope)
                .build();
        return this.jwtEncoder.encode(JwtEncoderParameters.from(claims)).getTokenValue();
    }
}

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping("/")
    @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('test')")
    public String hello(Authentication authentication) {
        return "Hello, "   authentication.getName()   "!";
    }
}

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping("/")
    @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('app')")
    public String hello(Authentication authentication) {
        return "Hello, "   authentication.getName()   "!";
    }
}