说明：本文主要讲述Laravel的Artisan命令来实现自定义模板，就如经常输入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就会自动生成一个ShopController.php模板文件一样，通过命令生成模板也会提高开发效率。同时，作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去，提高阅读效率。
备注：个人平时在写Repository代码时会这样写，如先写上ShopRepositoryInterface并定义好接口方法如all()、create()、update()、delete()、findBy()等等，然后再写上接口对应的实现ShopRepository并注入对应的Model即Shop。别的PostRepository、TagRepository也会是这么写(当然，对于很多重用的Repository方法可以集体拿到AbstractRepository抽象类里供子类继承，实现代码复用)。那能不能直接命令行生成模板文件呢，就不用自己一个个的写了，就像输入php artisan make:controller PostController给我一个Controller模板来。
关于使用Repository模式来封装下Model逻辑，不让Controller里塞满了很多Model逻辑，这样做是有很多好处的，最主要的就是好测试和代码架构清晰，也符合SOLID原则。如果使用PHPUnit来做测试就知道了为啥说好测试了。SegmentFault上也有相关的文章描述。作者也打算最近新开一篇文章聊一聊这个，PHPUnit也打算过段时间聊一聊。
个人研究了下Artisan命令行，是可以的。经过开发后，结果是输入自定义指令php artisan make:repository PostRepository --model=Post(这个option可要可不要)，就会帮我生成一个PostRepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现PostRepository。
模板文件Stub
由于个人需要生成一个RepositoryInterface和对应接口实现Repository，那就需要两个模板文件了。在resources/stubs新建两个模板文件，以下是个人经常需要的两个模板文件(你可以自定义)：
/**
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function all($columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->$model_var_name->all($columns);
}
/**
* @param int $perPage
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
*/
public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->$model_var_name->paginate($perPage, $columns);
}
/**
* Create a new $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function create(array $data)
{
return $this->$model_var_name->create($data);
}
/**
* Update a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function update($data = [], $id)
{
return $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->update($data);
}
/**
* Store a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function store($data = [])
{
$this->$model_var_name->id = $data['id'];
//...
$this->$model_var_name->save();
}
/**
* Delete a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function delete($data = [], $id)
{
$this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->delete();
}
/**
* @param $id
* @param array $columns
* @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
{
$$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->get($columns);
return $$model_name;
}
/**
* @param $field
* @param $value
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
{
$$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
return $$model_name;
}
}
模板文件里包括参数，这些参数将会根据命令行中输入的参数和选项被相应替换：
['$repository_namespace', '$model_namespace', '$repository_interface_namespace', '$repository_interface', '$class_name', '$model_name', '$model_var_name']
Artisan命令生成Repository模板文件
生成Artisan命令并注册
Laravel提供了Artisan命令自定义，输入指令:
php artisan make:console MakeRepositoryCommand
然后改下签名和描述：
// app/Console/Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';
这里{repository}是必填参数并指明(选填参数加个?，就和路由参数一样)，将会被$this->argument('repository')方法捕捉到，{--model=}是选项，可填可不填，将会被$this->option('model')方法捕捉到。填上这个命令的描述，最后在Console的Kernel里注册下命令：
// app/Console/Kernel
protected $commands = [
// Commands\Inspire::class,
// Commands\RedisSubscribe::class,
// Commands\RedisPublish::class,
// Commands\MakeTestRepositoryCommand::class,
Commands\MakeRepositoryCommand::class,
];
然后输入php artisan命令后就能看到这个make:repository命令了。
自动化生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
在MakeRepositoryCommand.php命令执行文件里写上模板自动生成逻辑，代码也不长，有些逻辑也有注释，可看：
use Config;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
use Illuminate\Support\Composer;
class MakeRepositoryCommand extends Command
{
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';
/**
* @var
*/
protected $repository;
/**
* @var
*/
protected $model;
/**
* Create a new command instance.
*
* @param Filesystem $filesystem
* @param Composer $composer
*/
public function __construct(Filesystem $filesystem, Composer $composer)
{
parent::__construct();
$this->files = $filesystem;
$this->composer = $composer;
}
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
//获取repository和model两个参数值
$argument = $this->argument('repository');
$option = $this->option('model');
//自动生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
$this->writeRepositoryAndInterface($argument, $option);
//重新生成autoload.php文件
$this->composer->dumpAutoloads();
}
private function writeRepositoryAndInterface($repository, $model)
{
if($this->createRepository($repository, $model)){
//若生成成功,则输出信息
$this->info('Success to make a '.ucfirst($repository).' Repository and a '.ucfirst($repository).'Interface Interface');
}
}
private function createRepository($repository, $model)
{
// getter/setter 赋予成员变量值
$this->setRepository($repository);
$this->setModel($model);
// 创建文件存放路径, RepositoryInterface放在app/Repositories,Repository个人一般放在app/Repositories/Eloquent里
$this->createDirectory();
// 生成两个文件
return $this->createClass();
}
private function createDirectory()
{
$directory = $this->getDirectory();
//检查路径是否存在,不存在创建一个,并赋予775权限
if(! $this->files->isDirectory($directory)){
return $this->files->makeDirectory($directory, 0755, true);
}
}
private function getDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_eloquent_path');
}
private function createClass()
{
//渲染模板文件,替换模板文件中变量值
$templates = $this->templateStub();
$class = null;
foreach ($templates as $key => $template) {
//根据不同路径,渲染对应的模板文件
$class = $this->files->put($this->getPath($key), $template);
}
return $class;
}
private function getPath($class)
{
// 两个模板文件,对应的两个路径
$path = null;
switch($class){
case 'Eloquent':
$path = $this->getDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getRepositoryName().'.php';
break;
case 'Interface':
$path = $this->getInterfaceDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getInterfaceName().'.php';
break;
}
return $path;
}
private function getInterfaceDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_path');
}
private function getRepositoryName()
{
// 根据输入的repository变量参数,是否需要加上'Repository'
$repositoryName = $this->getRepository();
if((strlen($repositoryName) < strlen('Repository')) || strrpos($repositoryName, 'Repository', -11)){
$repositoryName .= 'Repository';
}
return $repositoryName;
}
private function getInterfaceName()
{
return $this->getRepositoryName().'Interface';
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getRepository()
{
return $this->repository;
}
/**
* @param mixed $repository
*/
public function setRepository($repository)
{
$this->repository = $repository;
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getModel()
{
return $this->model;
}
/**
* @param mixed $model
*/
public function setModel($model)
{
$this->model = $model;
}
private function templateStub()
{
// 获取两个模板文件
$stubs = $this->getStub();
// 获取需要替换的模板文件中变量
$templateData = $this->getTemplateData();
$renderStubs = [];
foreach ($stubs as $key => $stub) {
// 进行模板渲染
$renderStubs[$key] = $this->getRenderStub($templateData, $stub);
}
return $renderStubs;
}
private function getStub()
{
$stubs = [
'Eloquent' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository.stub'),
'Interface' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository_interface.stub'),
];
return $stubs;
}
private function getTemplateData()
{
$repositoryNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_namespace');
$modelNamespace = 'App\\'.$this->getModelName();
$repositoryInterfaceNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_interface_namespace');
$repositoryInterface = $this->getInterfaceName();
$className = $this->getRepositoryName();
$modelName = $this->getModelName();
$templateVar = [
'repository_namespace' => $repositoryNamespace,
'model_namespace' => $modelNamespace,
'repository_interface_namespace' => $repositoryInterfaceNamespace,
'repository_interface' => $repositoryInterface,
'class_name' => $className,
'model_name' => $modelName,
'model_var_name' => strtolower($modelName),
];
return $templateVar;
}
private function getRenderStub($templateData, $stub)
{
foreach ($templateData as $search => $replace) {
$stub = str_replace('$'.$search, $replace, $stub);
}
return $stub;
}
private function getModelName()
{
$modelName = $this->getModel();
if(isset($modelName) && !empty($modelName)){
$modelName = ucfirst($modelName);
}else{
// 若option选项没写,则根据repository来生成Model Name
$modelName = $this->getModelFromRepository();
}
return $modelName;
}
private function getModelFromRepository()
{
$repository = strtolower($this->getRepository());
$repository = str_replace('repository', '', $repository);
return ucfirst($repository);
}
}
这里把一些常量值放在config/repository.php配置文件里了：
<?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: liuxiang * Date: 16/6/22 * Time: 17:06 */ return [ 'directory_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories', 'directory_eloquent_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent', 'repository_namespace' => 'App\Repositories\Eloquent', 'repository_interface_namespace' => 'App\Repositories', ];
运行一下看可不可以吧，这里截个图：
It is working!!!
是可以生成RepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现文件，这里一个是加了--model选项一个没加的，没加的话这里第一个指令就默认Model的名称是Shop。
生成的文件内容不截图了，看下新生成的ShopRepository.php文件，的确是我想要的模板文件：
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: liuxiang
*/
namespace App\Repositories\Eloquent;
use App\Shop;
use App\Repositories\ShopRepositoryInterface;
class ShopRepository implements ShopRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @var \App\Shop
*/
public $shop;
public function __construct(Shop $shop)
{
$this->shop = $shop;
}
/**
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function all($columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->shop->all($columns);
}
/**
* @param int $perPage
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
*/
public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->shop->paginate($perPage, $columns);
}
/**
* Create a new shop
* @param array $data
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function create(array $data)
{
return $this->shop->create($data);
}
/**
* Update a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function update($data = [], $id)
{
return $this->shop->whereId($id)->update($data);
}
/**
* Store a shop
* @param array $data
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function store($data = [])
{
$this->shop->id = $data['id'];
//...
$this->shop->save();
}
/**
* Delete a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function delete($data = [], $id)
{
$this->shop->whereId($id)->delete();
}
/**
* @param $id
* @param array $columns
* @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this->shop->whereId($id)->get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
/**
* @param $field
* @param $value
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this->shop->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
}
总结：本文主要用Laravel的Artisan命令来自动生成个人需要的模板，减少平时开发中重复劳动。就像Laravel自带了很多模板生成命令，用起来会节省很多时间。这是作者在平时开发中遇到的问题，通过利用Laravel Artisan命令解决了，所以Laravel还是挺好玩的。有兴趣的可以把代码扒下来玩一玩，并根据你自己想要的模板做修改。这两天想就Repository模式封装Model逻辑的方法和好处聊一聊，到时见。希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持Devmax