nodejs环境快速搭建(centos,nvm)

node.js 环境搭建方式比较快的通常有两种：
1.直接安装官方镜像，手动修改环境变量
2.如果你需要随时切换node.js版本的话，可以使用nvm进行版本控制，

以centos为例：
1.首先需要有git

yum install git

1. 有git 之后，直接从github上clone项目到本地
   假设放~/git 目录

$ cd ~/git
$ git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git

完成后需要执行下载下来的nvm文件

source ~/git/nvm/nvm.sh

3.nvm可以查看nvm的常用命令

$ nvm
Node Version Manager

Note: <version> refers to any version-like string nvm understands. This includes:
  - full or partial version numbers,starting with an optional "v" (0.10,v0.1.2,v1)
  - default (built-in) aliases: node,stable,unstable,iojs,system
  - custom aliases you define with `nvm alias foo`

 Any options that produce colorized output should respect the `--no-colors` option.

Usage:
  nvm --help Show this message
  nvm --version Print out the installed version of nvm
  nvm install [-s] <version>                Download and install a <version>,[-s] from source. Uses .nvmrc if available
    --reinstall-packages-from=<version> When installing,reinstall packages installed in <node|iojs|node version number>
    --lts When installing,only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name> When installing,only select from versions for a specific LTS line
    --skip-default-packages When installing,skip the default-packages file if it exists
    --latest-npm After installing,attempt to upgrade to the latest working npm on the given node version
  nvm uninstall <version>                   Uninstall a version
  nvm uninstall --lts Uninstall using automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`,if available.
  nvm uninstall --lts=<LTS name> Uninstall using automatic alias for provided LTS line,if available.
  nvm use [--silent] <version> Modify PATH to use <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available
    --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`,if available.
    --lts=<LTS name> Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line,if available.
  nvm exec [--silent] <version> [<command>] Run <command> on <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available
    --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`,if available.
  nvm run [--silent] <version> [<args>] Run `node` on <version> with <args> as arguments. Uses .nvmrc if available
    --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`,if available.
  nvm current                               display currently activated version
  nvm ls                                    List installed versions
  nvm ls <version>                          List versions matching a given <version>
  nvm ls-remote                             List remote versions available for install
    --lts When listing,only show LTS (long-term support) versions
  nvm ls-remote <version>                   List remote versions available for install,matching a given <version>
    --lts When listing,only show LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name> When listing,only show versions for a specific LTS line
  nvm version <version>                     Resolve the given description to a single local version
  nvm version-remote <version>              Resolve the given description to a single remote version
    --lts When listing,only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name> When listing,only select from versions for a specific LTS line
  nvm deactivate                            Undo effects of `nvm` on current shell
  nvm alias [<pattern>]                     Show all aliases beginning with <pattern>
  nvm alias <name> <version>                Set an alias named <name> pointing to <version>
  nvm unalias <name>                        Deletes the alias named <name>
  nvm install-latest-npm                    Attempt to upgrade to the latest working `npm` on the current node version
  nvm reinstall-packages <version>          Reinstall global `npm` packages contained in <version> to current version
  nvm unload                                Unload `nvm` from shell
  nvm which [<version>]                     display path to installed node version. Uses .nvmrc if available
  nvm cache dir                             display path to the cache directory for nvm
  nvm cache clear                           Empty cache directory for nvm

Example:
  nvm install 8.0.0                     Install a specific version number
  nvm use 8.0                           Use the latest available 8.0.x release
  nvm run 6.10.3 app.js                 Run app.js using node 6.10.3
  nvm exec 4.8.3 node app.js            Run `node app.js` with the PATH pointing to node 4.8.3
  nvm alias default 8.1.0               Set default node version on a shell
  nvm alias default node                Always default to the latest available node version on a shell

Note:
  to remove,delete,or uninstall nvm - just remove the `$NVM_DIR` folder (usually `~/.nvm`)

1. 安装任意版本的node

NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node nvm install 6

直接按y,过掉

######################################################################## 100.0%
Now using node v6.3.2

此时已经安装好node跟 npm,可以检验一下版本

这里会出现一个问题，等你下次启动centos的时候，会发现node.js用不了，那是因为你没有输入到环境变量的启动上

5.你可以在在 ~/.bashrc,~/.bash_profile,~/.profile,或者 ~/.zshrc 文件添加以下命令:

# nvm
export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node
source ~/git/nvm/nvm.sh

再输入

nvm ls

你可以看到版本的信息