本文实例讲述了Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
Zend_View是Zend Framework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。 Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。
View的实现
Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：
root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend# tree | grep View.php
│ └── View/
├── View.php
root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View# tree
.
├── Abstract.php
├── Exception.php
├── Helper
│ ├── Abstract.php
│ ├── Action.php
│ ├── BaseUrl.php
│ ├── Currency.php
│ ├── Cycle.php
│ ├── DeclareVars.php
│ ├── Doctype.php
│ ├── Fieldset.php
│ ├── FormButton.php
│ ├── FormCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormElement.php
│ ├── FormErrors.php
│ ├── FormFile.php
│ ├── FormHidden.php
│ ├── FormImage.php
│ ├── FormLabel.php
│ ├── FormMultiCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormNote.php
│ ├── FormPassword.php
│ ├── Form.php
│ ├── FormRadio.php
│ ├── FormReset.php
│ ├── FormSelect.php
│ ├── FormSubmit.php
│ ├── FormTextarea.php
│ ├── FormText.php
│ ├── Gravatar.php
│ ├── HeadLink.php
│ ├── HeadMeta.php
│ ├── HeadScript.php
│ ├── HeadStyle.php
│ ├── HeadTitle.php
│ ├── HtmlElement.php
│ ├── HtmlFlash.php
│ ├── HtmlList.php
│ ├── HtmlObject.php
│ ├── HtmlPage.php
│ ├── HtmlQuicktime.php
│ ├── InlineScript.php
│ ├── Interface.php
│ ├── Json.php
│ ├── Layout.php
│ ├── Navigation
│ │ ├── Breadcrumbs.php
│ │ ├── HelperAbstract.php
│ │ ├── Helper.php
│ │ ├── Links.php
│ │ ├── Menu.php
│ │ └── Sitemap.php
│ ├── Navigation.php
│ ├── PaginationControl.php
│ ├── Partial
│ │ └── Exception.php
│ ├── PartialLoop.php
│ ├── Partial.php
│ ├── Placeholder
│ │ ├── Container
│ │ │ ├── Abstract.php
│ │ │ ├── Exception.php
│ │ │ └── Standalone.php
│ │ ├── Container.php
│ │ ├── Registry
│ │ │ └── Exception.php
│ │ └── Registry.php
│ ├── Placeholder.php
│ ├── RenderToPlaceholder.php
│ ├── ServerUrl.php
│ ├── TinySrc.php
│ ├── Translate.php
│ ├── Url.php
│ └── UserAgent.php
├── Interface.php
└── Stream.php
6 directories, 70 files
Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合
主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,
/**
* Initialize View object
*
* Initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a Zend_View_Interface.
*
* If {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new Zend_View
* object, using the 'views' subdirectory at the same level as the
* controller directory for the current module as the base directory.
* It uses this to set the following:
* - script path = views/scripts/
* - helper path = views/helpers/
* - filter path = views/filters/
*
* @return Zend_View_Interface
* @throws Zend_Controller_Exception if base view directory does not exist
*/
public function initView()
{
if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
return $this->view;
}
require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';
if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {
return $this->view;
}
$request = $this->getRequest();
$module = $request->getModuleName();
$dirs = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();
if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {
$module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();
}
$baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';
if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {
require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');
}
require_once 'Zend/View.php';
$this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));
return $this->view;
}
/**
* Render a view
*
* Renders a view. By default, views are found in the view script path as
* <controller>/<action>.phtml. You may change the script suffix by
* resetting {@link $viewSuffix}. You may omit the controller directory
* prefix by specifying boolean true for $noController.
*
* By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may
* specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
*
* @see Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody()
* @param string|null $action Defaults to action registered in request object
* @param string|null $name Response object named path segment to use; defaults to null
* @param bool $noController Defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for view script
* @return void
*/
public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)
{
if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);
}
$view = $this->initView();
$script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);
$this->getResponse()->appendBody(
$view->render($script),
$name
);
}
/**
* Render a given view script
*
* Similar to {@link render()}, this method renders a view script. Unlike render(),
* however, it does not autodetermine the view script via {@link getViewScript()},
* but instead renders the script passed to it. Use this if you know the
* exact view script name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not
* conform to the spec defined with getViewScript().
*
* By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may
* specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
*
* @param string $script
* @param string $name
* @return void
*/
public function renderScript($script, $name = null)
{
if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);
}
$view = $this->initView();
$this->getResponse()->appendBody(
$view->render($script),
$name
);
}
Zend_View.php类
<?php
/**
* Zend Framework
*
* LICENSE
*
* This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
* with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
* It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
* http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
* If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
* obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
* to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_View
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
* @version $Id: View.php 23775 2011-03-01 17:25:24Z ralph $
*/
/**
* Abstract master class for extension.
*/
require_once 'Zend/View/Abstract.php';
/**
* Concrete class for handling view scripts.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_View
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
*/
class Zend_View extends Zend_View_Abstract
{
/**
* Whether or not to use streams to mimic short tags
* @var bool
*/
private $_useViewStream = false;
/**
* Whether or not to use stream wrapper if short_open_tag is false
* @var bool
*/
private $_useStreamWrapper = false;
/**
* Constructor
*
* Register Zend_View_Stream stream wrapper if short tags are disabled.
*
* @param array $config
* @return void
*/
public function __construct($config = array())
{
$this->_useViewStream = (bool) ini_get('short_open_tag') ? false : true;
if ($this->_useViewStream) {
if (!in_array('zend.view', stream_get_wrappers())) {
require_once 'Zend/View/Stream.php';
stream_wrapper_register('zend.view', 'Zend_View_Stream');
}
}
if (array_key_exists('useStreamWrapper', $config)) {
$this->setUseStreamWrapper($config['useStreamWrapper']);
}
parent::__construct($config);
}
/**
* Set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off
*
* @param bool $flag
* @return Zend_View
*/
public function setUseStreamWrapper($flag)
{
$this->_useStreamWrapper = (bool) $flag;
return $this;
}
/**
* Should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off?
*
* @return bool
*/
public function useStreamWrapper()
{
return $this->_useStreamWrapper;
}
/**
* Includes the view script in a scope with only public $this variables.
*
* @param string The view script to execute.
*/
protected function _run()
{
if ($this->_useViewStream && $this->useStreamWrapper()) {
include 'zend.view://' . func_get_arg(0);
} else {
include func_get_arg(0);
}
}
}
默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。
action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。
例如
$view = new Zend_View();
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/myviews');
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/viewscomm');
// 如果调用 $view->render('example.php'), Zend_View 将
// 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".
Zend_View的常用方法
public function __construct($config = array())
构造函数参数
例如
array( 'escape' => array(), 'encoding' => array(), );
常见key：
escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、 helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter
public function getEngine() Return the template engine object
public function init()初始化函数
/**
* Given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* Assumes a directory structure of:
* <code>
* basePath/
* scripts/
* helpers/
* filters/
* </code>
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return Zend_View_Abstract
*/
public function setBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')
/**
* Given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* Assumes a directory structure of:
* <code>
* basePath/
* scripts/
* helpers/
* filters/
* </code>
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return Zend_View_Abstract
*/
public function addBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')
public function addScriptPath($path)Adds to the stack of view script paths in LIFO order.
public function setScriptPath($path) Resets the stack of view script paths.
public function getScriptPath($name)Return full path to a view script specified by $name
public function getScriptPaths()Returns an array of all currently set script paths
public function addHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Adds to the stack of helper paths in LIFO order.
public function setHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Resets the stack of helper paths.
public function getHelperPath($name) Get full path to a helper class file specified by $name
public function getHelperPaths()Returns an array of all currently set helper paths
public function getHelper($name) Get a helper by name
public function getHelpers()Get array of all active helpers
public function getAllPaths() Return associative array of path types => paths
public function setEscape($spec)
/**
* Assigns variables to the view script via differing strategies.
*
* Zend_View::assign('name', $value) assigns a variable called 'name'
* with the corresponding $value.
*
* Zend_View::assign($array) assigns the array keys as variable
* names (with the corresponding array values).
*
* @see __set()
* @param string|array The assignment strategy to use.
* @param mixed (Optional) If assigning a named variable, use this
* as the value.
* @return Zend_View_Abstract Fluent interface
* @throws Zend_View_Exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array,
* or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected
*/
public function assign($spec, $value = null)
在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。
例如
$this->view->assign('roles', $roles);
$this->view->assign('num', $num);
$this->view->assign('a', $a);
或者也可以用
$this->view->roles=$roles; $this->view->a=$a; public function render($name) Processes a view script and returns the output. public function escape($var):Escapes a value for output in a view script. public function setEncoding($encoding) Set encoding to use with htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars() public function getEncoding() :Return current escape encoding
视图脚本文件中的常见用法：
获取传递过来的值
$this->roles
使用一些常见的助手方法：
$this->baseUrl(); $this->url(); $this->paginationControl(); $this->partial()
视图常见用法举例
在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中
/**
* Initialize the common view helper
*/
protected function _initViewHelper()
{
$boot=$this->bootstrap('View');
$view = $boot->getResource('View');
$view->setHelperPath('Sql/View/Helper', 'Sql_View_Helper');
}
action中
/**
*
* @return void
*/
public function listAction()
{
$this->view->assign('data', $data);
}
视图文件
list.phtml
<?php foreach ($this->data as $item) : ?>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td class="datagrid-cell"><?php echo($item->item1);?></td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
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