使用tkFileDialog实现文件选择、保存和路径选择
概述
看了下Tkinter的文档,对于Pop-up dialog有三类,现在用到的是tkFileDialog
tkFileDialog有三种形式：
- 一个是：askopenfilename(option=value, …) 这个是”打开”对话框
- 一个是：asksaveasfilename(option=value, …) 这个是另存为对话框
- 另一个是：askdirectory()这个是路径选择对话框
option参数如下：
-
defaultextension = s默认文件的扩展名 -
filetypes = [(label1, pattern1), (label2, pattern2), …]设置文件类型下拉菜单里的的选项 -
initialdir = D对话框中默认的路径 -
initialfile = F对话框中初始化显示的文件名 -
parent = W父对话框(由哪个窗口弹出就在哪个上端) -
title = T弹出对话框的标题
如果选中文件的话,确认后会显示文件的完整路径,否则单击取消的话会返回空字符串
示例
#coding=UTF-8
import Tkinter, Tkconstants, tkFileDialog
class TkFileDialogExample(Tkinter.Frame):
def __init__(self, root):
Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, root)
# options for buttons
button_opt = {'fill': Tkconstants.BOTH, 'padx': 5, 'pady': 5}
# define buttons
Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfile', command=self.askopenfile).pack(**button_opt)
Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfilename', command=self.askopenfilename).pack(**button_opt)
Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfile', command=self.asksaveasfile).pack(**button_opt)
Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfilename', command=self.asksaveasfilename).pack(**button_opt)
Tkinter.Button(self, text='askdirectory', command=self.askdirectory).pack(**button_opt)
# define options for opening or saving a file
self.file_opt = options = {}
options['defaultextension'] = '.txt'
options['filetypes'] = [('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')]
options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
options['initialfile'] = 'myfile.txt'
options['parent'] = root
options['title'] = 'This is a title'
# This is only available on the Macintosh, and only when Navigation Services are installed.
#options['message'] = 'message'
# if you use the multiple file version of the module functions this option is set automatically.
#options['multiple'] = 1
# defining options for opening a directory
self.dir_opt = options = {}
options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
options['mustexist'] = False
options['parent'] = root
options['title'] = 'This is a title'
def askopenfile(self):
"""Returns an opened file in read mode."""
return tkFileDialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **self.file_opt)
def askopenfilename(self):
"""Returns an opened file in read mode.
This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
"""
# get filename
filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(**self.file_opt)
# open file on your own
if filename:
return open(filename, 'r')
def asksaveasfile(self):
"""Returns an opened file in write mode."""
return tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **self.file_opt)
def asksaveasfilename(self):
"""Returns an opened file in write mode.
This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
"""
# get filename
filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(**self.file_opt)
# open file on your own
if filename:
return open(filename, 'w')
def askdirectory(self):
"""Returns a selected directoryname."""
return tkFileDialog.askdirectory(**self.dir_opt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tkinter.Tk()
TkFileDialogExample(root).pack()
root.mainloop()
ImportError: No module named 'tkFileDialog'问题
原因
python2和pyton3的版本问题。python3之后的版本自带有tkinter.
验证
import _tkinterimport tkintertkinter._test()
在python3中输入以上命令进行验证。
解决方法
Python2中应该写成
from tkFileDialog import askdirectory
python3中应该写成
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory
tkColorChooser ------------>tkinter.colorchooser
tkCommonDialog --------------->tkinter.commondialog
其他的可以类推。
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持Devmax。