环境准备
- 机器准备
- master 192.168.1.101
- slave 192.168.1.102
- 操作系统 Ubuntu 16
- MysqL版本5.7
配置文件说明
- Ubuntu中MysqL配置文件在
/etc/MysqL可以找到其结构如下
/etc/MysqL
├── conf.d
│ ├── MysqL.cnf
│ └── MysqLdump.cnf
├── debian.cnf #自动生成的系统脚本，不要动它
├── debian-start #5.7前该脚本用于检查奔溃的表和无密码的账户,5.7以后只是个空脚本
├── my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf #全局配置文件
├── my.cnf.fallback #用于回退全局配置文件
├── MysqL.cnf
└── MysqL.conf.d
├── MysqLd.cnf #配置的模板，可以拷贝至/etc/MysqL/my.cnf和~/.my.cnf
└── MysqLd_safe_syslog.cnf #系统日志配置如果需要定制则注释该文件配置再my.cnf中配置
- 配置文件加载顺序
#使用下面命令查看 /usr/sbin/MysqLd --verbose --help | grep -A -1 2 'Default options'
- 可以查看到如下内容，指明配置文件加载顺序如下
/etc/my.cnf、/etc/MysqL/my.cnf、~/.my.cnf
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:/etc/my.cnf /etc/MysqL/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
- 在
my.cnf文件中存在如下两句话，表示配置包含!includedir文件夹中的配置
... !includedir /etc/MysqL/conf.d/ !includedir /etc/MysqL/MysqL.conf.d/
Master 配置
- 配置参数文件
/etc/MysqL/my.cnf
[MysqLd] server-id=1 #服务ID需要确保唯一性 log-bin=MysqL-bin #指定日志目录 ubuntu 默认 /var/lib/MysqL/MysqL-bin目录 #使事务的复制中尽最大可能的保证持久性和一致性 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 #事务日志直接写入文件，性能降低，但高可靠 sync_binlog=1
- 重启master
/etc/init.d/MysqL restart
- Master中创建用于同步的账号
CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.1.102' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.102';
- Master中获取二进制日志坐标
--master加锁 FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; --查看master状态信息 SHOW MASTER STATUS;
| File | Position | binlog_Do_DB | binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | |--|--|--|--|--| |MysqL-bin.000001|619|-|-|-|
Slave 配置
- 配置参数文件
/etc/MysqL/my.cnf
[MysqLd] server-id=2
- 重启Slave
/etc/init.d/MysqL restart
- Master中释放锁
UNLOCK TABLES;
- Slave 配置主站信息
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slavepass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='MysqL-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=619;
- Slave中开启同步
MysqL> START SLAVE;
测试
- 查看slave同步状态
show slave status\G
其中Slave_IO_Running和Slave_sql_Running均为YES表示slave已经启动同步
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.101
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: MysqL-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 619
Relay_Log_File: iZuf60xdp6y5avwotnjkm9Z-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: MysqL-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_sql_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 545
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_sql_Errno: 0
Last_sql_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/MysqL/master.info
sql_Delay: 0
sql_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_sql_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_sql_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
- master配置要同步的数据库 创建测试库和表
create database test; use test; create table a(a int);
插入测试数据
insert into a(a)alues(1); insert into a(a)alues(2); insert into a(a)alues(3);
- slave上查看是否进行了同步
show databases; use test; select * from a;
得到结果
|a| |--| |1| |2| |3|
总结
本文是最简单的主从配置，一些高级特性需要参考MysqL手册进行定制，请读者自行查阅。