我正在编写一个脚本,需要确定
Windows上文件所有者的用户名.
虽然我发现了a solution using pywin32,但我对使用它犹豫不决,因为我不想添加模块依赖.
该脚本将为python 2.6编写,并且必须在32位和64位平台上运行.
我想知道是否有不同的方法,可能有ctypes,来确定这些信息
下面使用ctypes调用
GetNamedSecurityInfo.最初它跟随问题中链接的
code snippet,但GetNamedSecurityInfo一般比GetFileSecurity更有用,特别是因为它与SetNamedSecurityInfo配对而不是过时的函数SetFileSecurity.
ctypes和类
import ctypes as ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes as wintypes
kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('kernel32',use_last_error=True)
advapi32 = ctypes.WinDLL('advapi32',use_last_error=True)
ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION = 0x0001
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND = 0x0002
ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND = 0x0003
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = 0x0005
ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION = 0x0020
SE_FILE_OBJECT = 1
OWNER_Security_informatION = 0x00000001
GROUP_Security_informatION = 0x00000002
DACL_Security_informatION = 0x00000004
SACL_Security_informatION = 0x00000008
LABEL_Security_informatION = 0x00000010
_DEFAULT_Security_informatION = (OWNER_Security_informatION |
GROUP_Security_informatION | DACL_Security_informatION |
LABEL_Security_informatION)
LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
SE_OBJECT_TYPE = wintypes.DWORD
Security_informatION = wintypes.DWORD
class SID_NAME_USE(wintypes.DWORD):
_sid_types = dict(enumerate('''
User Group Domain Alias WellKNownGroup DeletedAccount
Invalid UnkNown Computer Label'''.split(),1))
def __init__(self,value=None):
if value is not None:
if value not in self.sid_types:
raise ValueError('invalid SID type')
wintypes.DWORD.__init__(value)
def __str__(self):
if self.value not in self._sid_types:
raise ValueError('invalid SID type')
return self._sid_types[self.value]
def __repr__(self):
return 'SID_NAME_USE(%s)' % self.value
PSID_NAME_USE = ctypes.POINTER(SID_NAME_USE)
class PLOCAL(wintypes.LPVOID):
_needs_free = False
def __init__(self,value=None,needs_free=False):
super(PLOCAL,self).__init__(value)
self._needs_free = needs_free
def __del__(self):
if self and self._needs_free:
kernel32.LocalFree(self)
self._needs_free = False
PACL = PLOCAL
class PSID(PLOCAL):
def __init__(self,needs_free=False):
super(PSID,self).__init__(value,needs_free)
def __str__(self):
if not self:
raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
sid = wintypes.LPWstr()
advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW(self,ctypes.byref(sid))
try:
return sid.value
finally:
if sid:
kernel32.LocalFree(sid)
class PSecurity_DESCRIPTOR(PLOCAL):
def __init__(self,needs_free=False):
super(PSecurity_DESCRIPTOR,needs_free)
self.pOwner = PSID()
self.pGroup = PSID()
self.pDacl = PACL()
self.pSacl = PACL()
# back references to keep this object alive
self.pOwner._SD = self
self.pGroup._SD = self
self.pDacl._SD = self
self.pSacl._SD = self
def get_owner(self,system_name=None):
if not self or not self.pOwner:
raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
return look_up_account_sid(self.pOwner,system_name)
def get_group(self,system_name=None):
if not self or not self.pGroup:
raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
return look_up_account_sid(self.pGroup,system_name)
def _check_bool(result,func,args):
if not result:
raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
return args
# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376399
advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW.errcheck = _check_bool
advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW.argtypes = (
PSID,# _In_ Sid
ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)) # _Out_ StringSid
# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379166
advapi32.LookupAccountSidW.errcheck = _check_bool
advapi32.LookupAccountSidW.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _In_opt_ lpSystemName
PSID,# _In_ lpSid
wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _Out_opt_ lpName
LPDWORD,# _Inout_ cchName
wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _Out_opt_ lpReferencedDomainName
LPDWORD,# _Inout_ cchReferencedDomainName
PSID_NAME_USE) # _Out_ peUse
# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa446645
advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW.restype = wintypes.DWORD
advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPWSTR,# _In_ pObjectName
SE_OBJECT_TYPE,# _In_ ObjectType
Security_informatION,# _In_ SecurityInfo
ctypes.POINTER(PSID),# _Out_opt_ ppsidOwner
ctypes.POINTER(PSID),# _Out_opt_ ppsidGroup
ctypes.POINTER(PACL),# _Out_opt_ ppDacl
ctypes.POINTER(PACL),# _Out_opt_ ppSacl
ctypes.POINTER(PSecurity_DESCRIPTOR)) # _Out_opt_ ppSecurityDescriptor
功能
def look_up_account_sid(sid,system_name=None):
SIZE = 256
name = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(SIZE)
domain = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(SIZE)
cch_name = wintypes.DWORD(SIZE)
cch_domain = wintypes.DWORD(SIZE)
sid_type = SID_NAME_USE()
advapi32.LookupAccountSidW(system_name,sid,name,ctypes.byref(cch_name),domain,ctypes.byref(cch_domain),ctypes.byref(sid_type))
return name.value,domain.value,sid_type
def get_file_security(filename,request=_DEFAULT_Security_informatION):
# N.B. This query may fail with ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION
# for some filesystems.
pSD = PSecurity_DESCRIPTOR(needs_free=True)
error = advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW(filename,SE_FILE_OBJECT,request,ctypes.byref(pSD.pOwner),ctypes.byref(pSD.pGroup),ctypes.byref(pSD.pDacl),ctypes.byref(pSD.pSacl),ctypes.byref(pSD))
if error != 0:
raise ctypes.WinError(error)
return pSD
示例用法
if __name__ == '__main__':
import os,sys
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
script_name = os.path.basename(__file__)
sys.exit('usage: {} filename'.format(script_name))
filename = sys.argv[1]
if isinstance(filename,bytes):
if hasattr(os,'fsdecode'):
filename = os.fsdecode(filename)
else:
filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
pSD = get_file_security(filename)
owner_name,owner_domain,owner_sid_type = pSD.get_owner()
if owner_domain:
owner_name = '{}\\{}'.format(owner_domain,owner_name)
print("Path : {}".format(filename))
print("Owner: {} ({})".format(owner_name,owner_sid_type))
print("SID : {}".format(pSD.pOwner))
示例输出
Path : C:\Users Owner: NT AUTHORITY\SYstem (WellKNownGroup) SID : S-1-5-18 Path : C:\ProgramData Owner: NT AUTHORITY\SYstem (WellKNownGroup) SID : S-1-5-18 Path : C:\Program Files Owner: NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller (WellKNownGroup) SID : S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464 Path : C:\Windows Owner: NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller (WellKNownGroup) SID : S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464