Nginx是广为流行的轻量级Web服务器软件。它开源，短小精悍，简单易用，深受广大互联网企业以及IT运维人员所喜爱。很多时候，我们在生产环境基于编译方式安装Nginx后，Nginx需要手工配置自启动服务，以确保服务器异常宕机后自动重启该服务。以下描述的是基于CentOS 7下来配置自启动服务，供大家参考。
一、yum 安装方式Nginx自启动
当前环境
[root@node142 ~]# more /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
查看是否保护Nginx rpm包
[root@node142 ~]# rpm -qa|grep Nginx
Nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
Nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
Nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
Nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
查看是否存在相应的服务，如下，有Nginx.service
[root@node142 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep Nginx
Nginx.service disabled
将其配置为自动
[root@node142 ~]# systemctl enable Nginx.service
查看Nginx.service文件
[root@node142 ~]# more /lib/systemd/system/Nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The Nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/Nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/Nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `Nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/Nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/Nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/Nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
上述配置文件中的内容和官网提供的一模一样
https://www.Nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/
二、编译安装后的自启动配置
由于是编译安装，因此，对于这个自启动的脚本我们需要自行配制。
具体则是参考上面的链接或者上面给出的Nginx.service文件内容。
然后将其保存为 /lib/systemd/system/Nginx.service。
看下面的例子
# more /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
# ps -ef|grep Nginx
root 10092 10014 0 16:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto Nginx
root 20791 1 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:00 Nginx: master process ./sbin/Nginx -c /u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.conf
nobody 20792 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:44 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20793 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:42 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20794 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:50 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20795 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:44 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20796 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:43 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20797 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:43 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20798 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:37 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20799 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:48 Nginx: worker process
nobody 20800 20791 0 Mar20 ? 00:00:04 Nginx: cache manager process
#
无相应的rpm包，如下查询，此处为编译安装
# rpm -qa|grep Nginx
也没有添加相应的自启动服务
# systemctl list-unit-files |grep Nginx
Nginx版本
# /u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -v
Nginx version: Nginx/1.8.1
获取Nginx编译模块，然后查看诸如pid，二进制位置并记录以便修改启动文件
# /u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -V
Nginx version: Nginx/1.8.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/u01/app/Nginx --sbin-path=/u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx
--conf-path=/u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.conf --error-log-path=/u01/app/Nginx/log/error.log
--http-log-path=/u01/app/Nginx/log/access.log --pid-path=/u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.pid
--lock-path=/u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/u01/app/Nginx/client_temp
--http-proxy-temp-path=/u01/app/Nginx/proxy_temp
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/u01/app/Nginx/fastcgi_temp
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/u01/app/Nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/u01/app/Nginx/scgi_temp
--user=Nginx --group=Nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module
--with-file-aio --with-http_spdy_module --with-ipv6
下面我们生成一个新的Nginx.service文件
# vim /lib/systemd/system/Nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The Nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -t
ExecStart=/u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
下面我们先手工停止Nginx
# /u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -s stop
配置自启动
# systemctl enable Nginx.service
使用systemctl工具启动Nginx服务
# systemctl start Nginx.service
# systemctl status Nginx.service
● Nginx.service - The Nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/Nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-03-29 16:37:47 CST; 6s ago
Process: 10588 ExecStart=/u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 10586 ExecStartPre=/u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -t (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10590 (Nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/Nginx.service
├─10590 Nginx: master process /u01/app/Nginx/sbin/Nginx
├─10591 Nginx: worker process # Author : Leshami
├─10592 Nginx: worker process # Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/leshami
├─10593 Nginx: worker process
├─10594 Nginx: worker process
├─10595 Nginx: worker process
├─10596 Nginx: worker process
├─10597 Nginx: worker process
├─10598 Nginx: worker process
├─10599 Nginx: cache manager process
└─10600 Nginx: cache loader process
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Starting The Nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std Nginx[10586]: Nginx: the configuration file /u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.conf Syntax is ok
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std Nginx[10586]: Nginx: configuration file /u01/app/Nginx/Nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Started The Nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
三、更多参考
Linux 6下安装编译安装Nginx
CentOS 7下 yum方式安装Nginx
基于CentOS 7配置Nginx反向代理
基于CentOS 7配置Nginx负载均衡