centos7.2 Mysql5.7.15版本一主一从复制

2020-06-23 原文

1、概述

2、所需软件

3、MysqL软件的安装（rpm安装,两台服务器上都要安装数据库软件）

3.1、查询服务器上是否已经安装的MysqL

# rpm -aq | grep mariadb

3.2、先卸载旧的版本

#如果是生产环境，请谨慎卸载，这个包可能会影响其它软件的使用，如果不卸载，安装MysqL5.7会报错，即安装不了。

卸载旧版本mariadb

rpm -e mariadb-libs �Cnodeps

3.3、安装软件

//新建msyql用户禁止登录shell

groupadd MysqL

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g MysqL MysqL

解压

tar xvf MysqL-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

安装软件

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-common-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-libs-compat-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-client-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-embedded-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-devel-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-embedded-devel-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-server-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

// MysqL-community-test依赖perl,需要安装perl-Data-Dumper与perl(JSON)

yum install perl-Data-Dumper perl-JSON -y

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-test-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf MysqL-community-embedded-compat-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3.4、MysqL 5.7.15修改密码

/bin/systemctl start MysqLd.service

查看密码

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/MysqLd.log

MysqL -u root -p //输入上条命令查看到的密码

进入MysqL，修改密码

MysqL> set password=password('123456');

MysqL>flush privileges;

设置开机启动

systemctl enable MysqLd

3.5、开启MysqL的3306端口号，给root用户授权，用于远程访问

3.5.1、永久关闭iptables与Selinux

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

临时关闭Selinux

setenforce 0

永久关闭Selinux

sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

重启系统生效

3.5.2、给root用户授权，使远程客户端才能够连接过来

MysqL> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;

MysqL> flush privileges;

4、主从复制配置步骤如下：

4.1、主从服务器分别作以下操作：

systemctl stop MysqLd

4.2、修改主服务器master:

#vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]

default-character-set=gbk

[MysqLd]

character-set-server=gbk

basedir=/usr

datadir=/var/lib/MysqL

port=3306

server_id=173

log_bin=master-bin

log_bin_index=master-bin.index

socket=/var/lib/MysqL/MysqL.sock

skip-name-resolve

max_connections=1000

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

long_query_time=1

slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/MysqL/MysqL_slow_query.log

binlog_format=row

# disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/MysqLd.log

pid-file=/var/run/MysqLd/MysqLd.pid

4.3、修改从服务器slave:

#vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]

log_bin=slave-bin

log_bin_index=slave-bin.index

server_id=178

relay_log=relay-log

relay_log_index=relay-log.index

max-connections=1000

4.4、重启两台服务器的MysqL

systemctl start MysqLd

4.5、在主服务器上建立帐户并授权slave:

# MysqL -u root -p

Enter password:

MysqL> grant replication slave on *.* to apexsoft@'192.168.1.178' identified by '123456';

MysqL>flush privileges;

4.6、登录主服务器的MysqL，查询master的状态

注：执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MysqL，防止主服务器状态值变化

4.7、配置从服务器Slave：

MysqL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.173',master_user='apexsoft',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=309;

如果在一个机器多个实例上，可能需要指定端口号或者修改了MysqL 默认端口号，在配置主从复制的时候需要加上MASTER_PORT=3306；

启动从服务器复制功能

MysqL>start slave;

4.8、检查从服务器复制功能状态：

MysqL> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.1.173 //主服务器地址

Master_User: apexsoft //授权帐户名，尽量避免使用root

Master_Port: 3306 //数据库端口，部分版本没有此行

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 322 //#同步读取二进制日志的位置，大于等于>=Exec_Master_Log_Pos

Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 284

Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes //此状态必须YES

Slave_sql_Running: Yes //此状态必须YES

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 322

Relay_Log_Space: 451

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_sql_Errno: 0

Last_sql_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 205

Master_UUID: dcc7a60f-2c1d-11e5-ad33-000c29133345

Master_Info_File: /usr/local/MysqL/data/master.info

sql_Delay: 0

sql_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_sql_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_sql_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注：Slave_IO及Slave_sql进程必须正常运行，即YES状态，否则都是错误的状态(如：其中一个NO均属错误)。
以上操作过程，主从服务器配置完成。

可以从主服务器上查看从服务器连接状态：

MysqL>show processlist;

4.9、主从服务器测试：

主服务器MysqL，建立数据库，并在这个库中建表插入一条数据：

MysqL> create database apex_db;

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MysqL> use apex_db;

Database changed

MysqL> create table apex_tb(id int(3),name char(10));
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MysqL> insert into apex_tb values(001,' apex ');

MysqL> show databases;

+――――――�C+

| Database |

| information_schema |

| apex_db |

| MysqL |

| test |

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从服务器MysqL查询：

| MysqL |

+――――――�C+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MysqL> use apex_db

MysqL> select * from apex_tb; //可以看到在主服务器上新增的具体数据

+――+――+

| id | name |

| 1 | apex |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)