MongoDB 是一个基于分布式文件存储的数据库。由 C++ 语言编写。旨在为 WEB 应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。
MongoDB 是一个介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的产品，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系数据库的。
本文记录一下在CentOS 6.7上安装MongoDB-3.4.1的过程。
MongoDB安装
下载
进入mongoDB下载网站，本文下载的是mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz。如下图所示：
使用wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz命令下载
[root@dev18 srv]# wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz --2017-01-04 15:18:33-- https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz Resolving fastdl.mongodb.org... 54.182.2.224,54.182.2.83,54.182.2.248,... Connecting to fastdl.mongodb.org|54.182.2.224|:443... connected. HTTP request sent,awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 100395275 (96M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: “mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz” 100%[====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 100,395,275 12.6M/s in 17s 2017-01-04 15:18:53 (5.76 MB/s) - “mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz” saved [100395275/100395275] [root@dev18 srv]#
解压
使用tar -zvxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz 命令解压。
[root@dev18 mongodb]# tar -zvxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1.tgz mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/README mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/MPL-2 mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/GNU-AGPL-3.0 mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongodump mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongorestore mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongoexport mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongoimport mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongostat mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongotop mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/bsondump mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongofiles mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongooplog mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongoreplay mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongoperf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongod mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongos mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1/bin/mongo [root@dev18 mongodb]#
进入解压后的目录，使用ll命令，查看解压后的目录中的内容。
[root@dev18 mongodb]# cd mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1 [root@dev18 mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1]# ll total 120 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 4 15:21 bin -rw-rw-r-- 1 222 500 34520 Dec 21 03:13 GNU-AGPL-3.0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 222 500 16726 Dec 21 03:13 MPL-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 222 500 1359 Dec 21 03:13 README -rw-rw-r-- 1 222 500 55625 Dec 21 03:13 THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES [root@dev18 mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.4.1]#
启动MongoDB
进入bin目录，使用./mongod命令启动MongoDB，出现异常：
[root@dev18 bin]# ./mongod
2017-01-04T15:38:20.174+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=30735 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=dev18.gzhl.zhhl
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.4.1
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 5e103c4f5583e2566a45d740225dc250baacfbd7
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips 29 Mar 2010
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distmod: amazon
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: {}
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 29 Data directory /data/db not found.,terminating
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] Now exiting
2017-01-04T15:38:20.175+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] shutting down with code:100
[root@dev18 bin]#
如果此时，使用MongoDB shell ./mongo来看，遇到无法连接到服务器的错误信息 （Error: Couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017,connection attempt Failed ）。
[root@dev18 bin]# ./mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.1 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 2017-01-04T15:40:55.030+0800 W NETWORK [main] Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1:27017,in(checking socket for error after poll),reason: Connection refused 2017-01-04T15:40:55.031+0800 E QUERY [main] Error: Couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017,connection attempt Failed : connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:234:13 @(connect):1:6 exception: connect Failed [root@dev18 bin]#
在本文中，创建一个db目录，然后启动的时候指定dbpath就可以了。使用如下命令：
./mongod --dbpath=/srv/mongodb/db
[root@dev18 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath=/srv/mongodb/db
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=30798 port=27017 dbpath=/srv/mongodb/db 64-bit host=dev18.gzhl.zhhl
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.4.1
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 5e103c4f5583e2566a45d740225dc250baacfbd7
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips 29 Mar 2010
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distmod: amazon
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2017-01-04T15:44:22.039+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/srv/mongodb/db" } }
2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1403M,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user,which is not recommended.
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-01-04T15:44:22.150+0800 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory '/srv/mongodb/db/diagnostic.data'
2017-01-04T15:44:22.160+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] build index on: admin.system.version properties: { v: 2,key: { version: 1 },name: "incompatible_with_version_32",ns: "admin.system.version" }
2017-01-04T15:44:22.160+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] building index using bulk method; build may temporarily use up to 500 megabytes of RAM
2017-01-04T15:44:22.161+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] build index done. scanned 0 total records. 0 secs
2017-01-04T15:44:22.161+0800 I COMMAND [initandlisten] setting featureCompatibilityVersion to 3.4
2017-01-04T15:44:22.162+0800 I NETWORK [thread1] waiting for connections on port 27017
发现没有任何错误信息。然后，使用MongoDB shell ./mongo再来看一下：
[root@dev18 bin]# ./mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.1 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.1 Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help,type "help". For more comprehensive documentation,see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] 2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine 2017-01-04T15:44:22.062+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user,which is not recommended. 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-01-04T15:44:22.141+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
从上面的信息可以看出，已经成功连接上MongoDB了。
MongoDB Shell 示例
查看版本
使用db.version()查看MongoDB版本信息。
> db.version(); 3.4.1
创建数据库
使用use DATABASE_NAME创建一个数据库。
如果数据库不存在，则创建数据库，否则切换到指定数据库。
> use mydb switched to db mydb
插入&查询
在mydb中创建记录，并查询出来。
> use mydb
switched to db mydb
> db
mydb
> db.paper.insert({"name":"MongoDB in action"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
mydb 0.000GB
> db.paper.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("586cab1ecf428c0bf101588c"),"name" : "MongoDB in action"
}
>
至此，MongoDB的简单安装就好了。