PHP设计模式之装饰器（装饰者）模式（Decorator）入门与应用详解

/** * 被修饰类 现在的需求： 要求能够动态为CD添加音轨、能显示CD音轨列表。 显示时应采用单行并且为每个音轨都以音轨好为前缀。 */
class CD {
  public $trackList;
  function __construct()  {
    # code...
    $this->trackList=array();
  }
  public function addTrack($track){
    $this->trackList[]=$track;
  }
  public function getTrackList(){
    $output=" ";
    foreach ($this->trackList as $key => $value) {
      # code...
      $output.=($key 1).") {$value}. ";
    }
    return $output;
  }
}
/* 现在需求发生变化： 要求将当前实例输出的音轨都采用大写形式。 这个需求并不是一个变化特别大的需求，不需要修改基类或创建一个父子关系的子类，此时创建一个基于装饰器模式的装饰器类。 */
class CDTrackListDecoratorCaps{
  private $_cd;
  public function __construct(CD $CD){
    $this->_cd=$CD;
  }
  public function makeCaps(){
    foreach ($this->_cd->trackList as $key => $value) {
      # code...
      $this->_cd->trackList[$key]=strtoupper($value); //转换成大写
    }
  }
}
//客户端测试
$myCD=new CD();
$trackList=array(  "what It Means",  "brr",  "goodBye" );
foreach ($trackList as $key => $value) {
  # code...
  $myCD->addTrack($value);
}
$myCDCaps=new CDTrackListDecoratorCaps($myCD);
$myCDCaps->makeCaps();
print "The CD contains the following tracks:".$myCD->getTrackList();

//装饰器模式，对已有对象的部分内容或者功能进行调整，但是不需要修改原始对象结构，可以使用装饰器设计模式
class UserInfo {
 public $userInfo = array(); 
 
 public function addUser($userInfo) {
 $this->userInfo[] = $userInfo;
 }
 
 public function getUserList() {
 print_r($this->userInfo);
 }
}

//UserInfoDecorate 装饰一样，改变用户信息输出为大写格式，不改变原先UserInfo类
<?php
include("UserInfo.php");
class UserInfoDecorate {
 
 public function makeCaps($UserInfo) {
 foreach ($UserInfo->userInfo as &$val) {
  $val = strtoupper($val);
 }
 }
 
}
$UserInfo = new UserInfo;
$UserInfo->addUser('zhu');
$UserInfo->addUser('initphp');
$UserInfoDecorate = new UserInfoDecorate;
$UserInfoDecorate->makeCaps($UserInfo);
$UserInfo->getUserList();

<?php
/**
 * 装饰器接口
 * Interface decorator
 * @package Think
 */
namespace Think;
interface decorator{
  public function beforeDraw();
  public function afterDraw();
}

<?php
/**
 * 颜色装饰器
 */
namespace Think;
class colorDecorator implements decorator{
  protected $color;
  public function __construct($color) {
    $this->color = $color;
  }
  public function beforeDraw() {
    echo "color decorator :{$this->color}\n";
  }
  public function afterDraw() {
    echo "end color decorator\n";
  }
}

<?php
/**
 * 字体大小装饰器
 */
namespace Think;
class sizeDecorator implements decorator{
  protected $size;
  public function __construct($size) {
    $this->size = $size;
  }
  public function beforeDraw() {
    echo "size decorator {$this->size}\n";
  }
  public function afterDraw() {
    echo "end size decorator\n";
  }
}

<?php
/**
 * 被装饰者
 */
namespace Think;
class echoText {
  protected $decorator = array(); //存放装饰器
  //装饰方法
  public function index() {
    //调用装饰器前置操作
    $this->before();
    echo "你好,我是装饰器\n";
    //执行装饰器后置操作
    $this->after();
  }
  public function addDecorator(Decorator $decorator) {
    $this->decorator[] = $decorator;
  }
  //执行装饰器前置操作 先进先出
  public function before() {
    foreach ($this->decorator as $decorator){
      $decorator->beforeDraw();
    }
  }
  //执行装饰器后置操作 先进后出
  public function after() {
    $decorators = array_reverse($this->decorator);
    foreach ($decorators as $decorator){
      $decorator->afterDraw();
    }
  }
}

<?php
namespace Think;
class Loder{
  static function autoload($class){
    require BASEDIR . '/' .str_replace('\\','/',$class) . '.php';
  }
}

<?php
define('BASEDIR',__DIR__);
include BASEDIR . '/Think/Loder.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Think\\Loder::autoload');
//实例化输出类
$echo = new \Think\echoText();
//增加装饰器
$echo->addDecorator(new \Think\colorDecorator('red'));
//增加装饰器
$echo->addDecorator(new \Think\sizeDecorator('12'));
//装饰方法
$echo->index();

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * RendererInterface接口
 */
interface RendererInterface
{
  /**
   * render data
   *
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function renderData();
}

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * Webservice类
 */
class Webservice implements RendererInterface
{
  /**
   * @var mixed
   */
  protected $data;
  /**
   * @param mixed $data
   */
  public function __construct($data)
  {
    $this->data = $data;
  }
  /**
   * @return string
   */
  public function renderData()
  {
    return $this->data;
  }
}

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * 装饰器必须实现 RendererInterface 接口, 这是装饰器模式的主要特点，
 * 否则的话就不是装饰器而只是个包裹类
 */
/**
 * Decorator类
 */
abstract class Decorator implements RendererInterface
{
  /**
   * @var RendererInterface
   */
  protected $wrapped;
  /**
   * 必须类型声明装饰组件以便在子类中可以调用renderData()方法
   *
   * @param RendererInterface $wrappable
   */
  public function __construct(RendererInterface $wrappable)
  {
    $this->wrapped = $wrappable;
  }
}

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * RenderInXml类
 */
class RenderInXml extends Decorator
{
  /**
   * render data as XML
   *
   * @return mixed|string
   */
  public function renderData()
  {
    $output = $this->wrapped->renderData();
    // do some fancy conversion to xml from array ...
    $doc = new \DOMDocument();
    foreach ($output as $key => $val) {
      $doc->appendChild($doc->createElement($key, $val));
    }
    return $doc->saveXML();
  }
}

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * RenderInJson类
 */
class RenderInJson extends Decorator
{
  /**
   * render data as JSON
   *
   * @return mixed|string
   */
  public function renderData()
  {
    $output = $this->wrapped->renderData();
    return json_encode($output);
  }
}

<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\Tests;
use DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator;
/**
 * DecoratorTest 用于测试装饰器模式
 */
class DecoratorTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
  protected $service;
  protected function setUp()
  {
    $this->service = new Decorator\Webservice(array('foo' => 'bar'));
  }
  public function testJsonDecorator()
  {
    // Wrap service with a JSON decorator for renderers
    $service = new Decorator\RenderInJson($this->service);
    // Our Renderer will now output JSON instead of an array
    $this->assertEquals('{"foo":"bar"}', $service->renderData());
  }
  public function testXmlDecorator()
  {
    // Wrap service with a XML decorator for renderers
    $service = new Decorator\RenderInXml($this->service);
    // Our Renderer will now output XML instead of an array
    $xml = '<?xml version="1.0"?><foo>bar</foo>';
    $this->assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString($xml, $service->renderData());
  }
  /**
   * The first key-point of this pattern :
   */
  public function testDecoratorMustImplementsRenderer()
  {
    $className = 'DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\Decorator';
    $interfaceName = 'DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\RendererInterface';
    $this->assertTrue(is_subclass_of($className, $interfaceName));
  }
  /**
   * Second key-point of this pattern : the decorator is type-hinted
   *
   * @expectedException \PHPUnit_Framework_Error
   */
  public function testDecoratorTypeHinted()
  {
    if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '7', '>=')) {
      throw new \PHPUnit_Framework_Error('Skip test for PHP 7', 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
    }
    $this->getMockForAbstractClass('DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\Decorator', array(new \stdClass()));
  }
  /**
   * Second key-point of this pattern : the decorator is type-hinted
   *
   * @requires PHP 7
   * @expectedException TypeError
   */
  public function testDecoratorTypeHintedForPhp7()
  {
    $this->getMockForAbstractClass('DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\Decorator', array(new \stdClass()));
  }
  /**
   * The decorator implements and wraps the same interface
   */
  public function testDecoratorOnlyAcceptRenderer()
  {
    $mock = $this->getMock('DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\RendererInterface');
    $dec = $this->getMockForAbstractClass('DesignPatterns\Structural\Decorator\Decorator', array($mock));
    $this->assertNotNull($dec);
  }
}