在用“for”循环替换了很多“旧”循环之前,我用visual studio 2013进行了一些测试:
std::vector<int> numbers;
for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i) numbers.push_back(i);
int sum = 0;
//vectorization
for (auto number = numbers.begin(); number != numbers.end(); ++number) sum += *number;
//vectorization
for (auto number = numbers.begin(); number != numbers.end(); ++number) {
auto && ref = *number;
sum += ref;
}
//deFinition of range based for loops from http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/range-for
//vectorization
for (auto __begin = numbers.begin(),__end = numbers.end();
__begin != __end; ++__begin) {
auto && ref = *__begin;
sum += ref;
}
//no vectorization :(
for (auto number : numbers) sum += number;
//no vectorization :(
for (auto& number : numbers) sum += number;
//no vectorization :(
for (const auto& number : numbers) sum += number;
//no vectorization :(
for (auto&& number : numbers) sum += number;
printf("%f\n",sum);
看到拆卸,循环的标准都被矢量化:
00BFE9B0 vpaddd xmm1,xmm1,xmmword ptr [eax] 00BFE9B4 add ecx,4 00BFE9B7 add eax,10h 00BFE9BA cmp ecx,edx 00BFE9BC jne main+140h (0BFE9B0h)
但是基于循环的范围不是:
00BFEAC6 add esi,dword ptr [eax] 00BFEAC8 lea eax,[eax+4] 00BFEACB inc ecx 00BFEACC cmp ecx,edi 00BFEACE jne main+256h (0BFEAC6h)
有没有什么原因为什么编译器无法向这些循环进行向量化?
我真的想使用新的语法,但是放大矢量化太差了.
我刚刚看到了this question,所以我试过/ Qvec-report:2标志,给出了另一个原因:
loop not vectorized due to reason '1200'
那是:
Loop contains loop-carried data dependences that prevent vectorization. Different iterations of
the loop interfere with each other such that vectorizing the loop would produce wrong answers,and
the auto-vectorizer cannot prove to itself that there are no such data dependences.
这是同样的错误吗? (我也尝试过最后一个vc编译器“2013年11月CTP”)
我应该在MS连接上报告吗?
编辑
Du评论,我做了同样的测试与一个raw int数组而不是一个向量,所以没有迭代器类涉及,只是原始的指针.
现在除了两个“模拟的基于范围的”循环之外,所有循环都被矢量化.
编译器说这是由于’501’原因:
Induction variable is not local; or upper bound is not loop-invariant.
我不知道发生了什么事情
const size_t size = 50;
int numbers[size];
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) numbers[i] = i;
int sum = 0;
//vectorization
for (auto number = &numbers[0]; number != &numbers[0] + size; ++number) sum += *number;
//vectorization
for (auto number = &numbers[0]; number != &numbers[0] + size; ++number) {
auto && ref = *number;
sum += ref;
}
//deFinition of range based for loops from http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/range-for
//NO vectorization ?!
for (auto __begin = &numbers[0],__end = &numbers[0] + size;
__begin != __end; ++__begin) {
auto && ref = *__begin;
sum += ref;
}
//NO vectorization ?!
for (auto __begin = &numbers[0],__end = &numbers[0] + size;
__begin != __end; ++__begin) {
auto && ref = *__begin;
sum += ref;
}
//vectorization ?!
for (auto number : numbers) sum += number;
//vectorization ?!
for (auto& number : numbers) sum += number;
//vectorization ?!
for (const auto& number : numbers) sum += number;
//vectorization ?!
for (auto&& number : numbers) sum += number;
printf("%f\n",sum);
解决方法
我的猜测可能是,基于范围的for循环并不知道该对象是向量或数组或链表,因此编译器不知道事先向量化循环.基于范围的for循环与其他语言中的foreach循环相当.可能有一种方法来提示编译器提示使用宏或编译指示符或编译器设置来向量化循环.要检查,请尝试使用其他执行程序中的代码,看看你得到的,如果您与其他执行程序获得非向量化的汇编代码,我不会感到惊讶.